Alfonso Sebastian Lopez, MD, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, describes the diagnostic process for autoimmune encephalitis. Testing often includes imaging studies such as MRI of the brain, electrophysiologic testing such as EEG, and examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These tests help confirm the diagnosis, identify potential epileptic discharges, and rule out other possible causes. Serologic evaluations are also important for detecting neural autoantibodies. Dr Lopez notes that the clinical presentation of autoimmune encephalitis can be varied, with symptoms ranging from cognitive dysfunction and seizures to movement disorders and involvement of the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, it is crucial to consider other conditions that may have similar symptoms but are not immune-mediated. This interview took place at the American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting 2023 in Boston, MA.
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