A reliable identification of one or more specific neural autoantibodies is key to the diagnosis of an antibody-mediated CNS disorder. Antonio Malvaso, MD, IRCCS “C. Mondino” National Neurological Institute, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, outlines the levels of antibody testing used to diagnose autoimmune neurological antibody-mediated disorders. Several assays are available. The first screening test is used to detect antibodies in the CSF and/or serum of patients, often using tissue-based immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry. Next, second and third level immunoassays can be applied for confirmation, such as fixed or live cell-based assays. Further testing may involve obtaining primary neuronal cell cultures to confirm autoantibody binding to surface antigens. This interview took place at the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) Annual Meeting 2024 in Helsinki, Finland.
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